Kimuchi Nihongo

Grammar

N3AI-drafted

〜上に

on top of that; in addition

Formation

名詞修飾形(N+の/な形容詞+な/い形容詞・V普通形)+ 上に

Usage

Adds a second fact in the same direction as the first: two good points, or two bad points. Both clauses must have the same polarity, so mixing a merit and a demerit is a common mistake. It is a little more written/formal than 〜し and is often used in reviews, complaints and descriptions.

Examples

  • このアパートは駅に近い上に、家賃も安い。

    このアパートはえきにちかいうえに、やちんもやすい。

    This apartment is close to the station, and on top of that the rent is cheap.

  • 道に迷った上に、雨まで降ってきた。

    みちにまよったうえに、あめまでふってきた。

    I got lost, and on top of that it started raining.

  • 彼女は親切な上に、仕事も早い。

    かのじょはしんせつなうえに、しごともはやい。

    She is kind, and what's more she works fast.

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